Pneumonia Symptoms in Elderly People

When it comes to pneumonia in older adults, recognizing the symptoms early can significantly influence their recovery and increase their likelihood of survival.

As a caregiver, knowing how to spot the signs of pneumonia in elderly adults is crucial because their symptoms often differ from the classic indicators seen in younger populations.

Let’s review the common pneumonia symptoms and how they tend to present in older adults. Make sure you also consult with your loved one’s primary care physician, as they may have more tailored advice for you and your family.

Pneumonia Symptom 1: Confusion and Delirium

One of the most common symptoms of pneumonia in older adults is confusion or delirium. Instead of the usual fever or cough, elderly individuals might exhibit sudden changes in mental clarity.

Pneumonia Symptom 2: Weakness and Unsteadiness

Weakness and unsteadiness can also be symptoms of pneumonia in elderly individuals. These symptoms pose a high risk because they can lead to falls and subsequent injuries.

Pneumonia Symptom 3: Breathing Difficulties and/or Chest Pain

Shortness of breath and rapid breathing are critical signs of pneumonia in elderly people. These symptoms signify that the lungs are struggling, indicating a potential for decreased oxygen levels. Chest pain is another concerning symptom, often exacerbated by deep breathing or coughing.

Pneumonia Symptom 4: Coughing and Temperature Changes

A cough, with or without mucus, is a traditional symptom of pneumonia but can be less pronounced in the elderly. These symptoms often mask the presence of fever or chills, which are typical pneumonia indicators but may be absent in older adults.

Risk Factors of Pneumonia

In addition to understanding the symptoms of pneumonia, it’s also important to be aware of the typical risk factors that can increase the likelihood of someone developing this lung infection.

The American Lung Association has identified three categories of risk factors for pneumonia: medical conditions, health behaviors, and environment.

Medical Conditions

• Chronic lung diseases (COPD, bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis)
• Heart disease
• Diabetes
• Sickle cell disease
• Weakened immune system (HIV/AIDs, organ transplant, chemotherapy, long-term steroid use)
• Difficulty swallowing due to stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, etc.
• Recent viral respiratory infection (cold, laryngitis, influenza)
• Hospitalization, especially when in intensive care and using a ventilator to breathe

Health Behaviors

• Cigarette smoking
• Drug abuse
• Alcohol abuse

Environmental Factors

• Exposure to certain chemicals, pollutants, or toxic fumes
• Exposure to secondhand smoke

Treating Pneumonia in Older Adults

Depending on the patient’s overall health and any underlying medical conditions, recovery from pneumonia can take weeks or months. Treatment can take place at home with plenty of rest and hydration. If bacteria caused the pneumonia, doctors may prescribe antibiotics. Severe cases will need to be treated in a healthcare facility.

If you suspect an older person in your care has pneumonia, get treatment - especially if they have underlying health conditions or their symptoms are getting worse or not improving.

Pneumonia Prevention for Elderly People

Bacteria or viruses typically cause pneumonia. It can be contracted by contact with other people, so it’s recommended that people follow good hygiene practices such as hand washing and disinfecting high-touch surfaces. Staying up-to-date on vaccines, including the flu shot, is also critical.

At Best Care, we are dedicated to providing the necessary support and information for family caregivers. We are here to assist you in ensuring the health and comfort of your loved ones.